They found that the differences add up to zero when they return to the first clock in the loop, confirming the consistency of their measurements and setting up the possibility that they could detect tiny frequency changes within that network. To demonstrate the potential applications of their clocks, Kolkowitz's team compared the frequency changes between each pair of six multiplexed clocks in a loop. "That's really significant for a lot of real-world applications, where our laser looks a lot more like what you would take out into the field." "The amazing thing is that we demonstrated similar performance as the JILA group despite the fact that we're using an orders of magnitude worse laser," Kolkowitz says. Kolkowitz's group expects to perform a similar test soon. Their results, obtained at one millimeter separation, also represent the shortest distance to date at which Einstein's theory of general relativity has been tested with clocks. The JILA group detected a frequency difference between the top and bottom of a dispersed cloud of atoms about 10 times better than the UW-Madison group. That study was led by a group at JILA, a research institute in Colorado. It would have also been a world record for the overall most precise frequency difference if not for another paper, published in the same issue of Nature. Ultimately, the researchers could detect a difference in ticking rate between the two clocks that would correspond to them disagreeing with each other by only one second every 300 billion years - a measurement of precision timekeeping that sets a world record for two spatially separated clocks. The team demonstrated that as they took more and more measurements, they were better able to measure those differences. As expected, because the clocks were in two slightly different locations, the ticking was slightly different. They ran their experiment over a thousand times, measuring the difference in the ticking frequency of their two clocks for a total of around three hours. Two groups of atoms that are in slightly different environments will tick at slightly different rates, depending on gravity, magnetic fields, or other conditions. The group next asked how precisely they could measure differences between the clocks. "But because the clocks are in the same environment and experience the exact same laser light, the effect of the laser drops out completely." "Normally, our laser would limit the performance of these clocks," Kolkowitz says. Their results meant they could run meaningful experiments for much longer than their laser would allow in a normal optical clock. However, when they shined the laser on two clocks in the chamber at the same time and compared them, the number of atoms with excited electrons stayed the same between the two clocks for up to 26 seconds. Using just one atomic clock, the team found that their laser was only reliably able to excite electrons in the same number of atoms for one-tenth of a second. In their new study, they created a multiplexed clock, where strontium atoms can be separated into multiple clocks arranged in a line in the same vacuum chamber. Designing a clock that could use average lasers would be a boon.įrom one sphere of supercooled strontium atoms, Kolkowitz's group multiplexes them into six separate spheres, each of which can be used as an atomic clock. But they also knew that many downstream applications of optical clocks will require portable, commercially available lasers like theirs. Optical atomic clocks keep time by using a laser that is tuned to precisely match this frequency, and they require some of the world's most sophisticated lasers to keep accurate time.īy comparison, Kolkowitz's group has "a relatively lousy laser," he says, so they knew that any clock they built would not be the most accurate or precise on its own. "We're working to both improve their performance and to develop emerging applications that are enabled by this improved performance."Ītomic clocks are so precise because they take advantage of a fundamental property of atoms: when an electron changes energy levels, it absorbs or emits light with a frequency that is identical for all atoms of a particular element. "Optical lattice clocks are already the best clocks in the world, and here we get this level of performance that no one has seen before," says Shimon Kolkowitz, a UW-Madison physics professor and senior author of the study.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |